19 Different Types of Roof Trusses and Their Uses

Most homeowners don’t think about roof trusses. Not until they’re building, renovating, or wondering if they can raise their ceiling. The right truss affects everything from attic space and insulation to overall cost and structural stability. 

Whether you’re adding an extension, converting an attic, or just curious about what’s holding up your home, understanding trusses can help you make smarter decisions. Let’s break down the different types of trusses and where they work best.

What Are Roof Trusses?

Roof trusses are the structural backbone of a roof. They’re designed to provide support, distribute weight evenly, and create a strong, stable framework. 

Unlike traditional rafters, which are built piece by piece on-site, trusses are prefabricated and delivered to a construction site ready to install. Their triangular design makes them incredibly strong while using fewer materials, which helps keep costs down and speeds up construction.

Trusses can be made out of wood or steel and are designed for different needs, including:

• Create vaulted ceilings
• Maximize attic space
• Or simply to provide a sturdy, cost-effective roof 

This essential part of a roof makes it easier to create open, flexible floor plans by reducing the need for interior load-bearing walls. Because they distribute weight efficiently, trusses allow for larger, uninterrupted spaces without the need for extra support columns or walls. 

This means more design freedom, whether it’s an open-concept living area, higher ceilings, or a more spacious feel overall. Plus, with fewer structural limitations, future renovations or changes to the layout become much simpler.

19 Different Types of Roof Trusses

Roof trusses come in a myriad of shapes and designs, each serving a specific purpose depending on the structure, load requirements, and architectural style of a building. Here’s a breakdown of 19 common types of roof trusses and their uses:

Warren Truss

The warren truss is a strong and efficient roof truss design recognized by its repeating series of equilateral or isosceles triangles. This geometric pattern evenly distributes loads across the structure, making it a reliable choice for various construction projects. 

Initially developed for bridges, the warren truss is also widely used in large-scale buildings due to its strength, simplicity, and material efficiency.

Where Are Warren Trusses Used?

Industrial and commercial buildings, bridges, infrastructure, and aircraft hangars. 

Pros	Cons
The triangular design spreads weight efficiently, reducing stress on individual components.	Due to their size and industrial design, they are rarely used in standard home construction.
It’s cost-effective. It uses less material than other trusses with similar load-bearing capabilities.	The precision required for manufacturing and assembling increases construction costs.
The uniform weight distribution prevents excessive bending or sagging over time.	It’s designed for function rather than architectural beauty.

Hip Truss

A hip truss is designed for hipped roofs (roofs that slope on all four sides instead of having vertical gable ends). This type of truss provides a strong, self-bracing structure that evenly distributes weight across the entire roof.

 Because of their balanced design, hip trusses offer excellent stability, making them a great choice for homes and buildings in areas prone to high winds or hurricanes.

Unlike standard gable trusses, which only support two sloping sides, hip trusses create a fully enclosed roof shape that enhances both durability and curb appeal. They are commonly used in residential homes, commercial buildings, and multi-family structures where a polished, symmetrical roof design is preferred. 

While they require more materials and precise engineering, their long-term strength and weather resistance make them a worthwhile investment.

Pros	Cons
Hipped roofs supported by hip trusses perform better in high-wind areas	The additional truss components and precise engineering required make them costlier
The interconnected truss system enhances roof stability and reduces the need for additional bracing.	They offer less attic or storage space due to their sloping design.
They have an even load distribution.	Proper attic ventilation requires additional planning

Gambrel Truss

A gambrel truss is designed to create the distinct double-sloped roof seen in barns, giving it a steep lower slope and a shallower upper slope. This design maximizes usable space beneath the roof, making it ideal for structures that require extra attic or storage room. The gambrel shape provides both aesthetics and practical benefits, making it a popular choice for agricultural buildings and even some residential homes.

Unlike standard trusses, gambrel trusses allow for high ceilings and open interiors without the need for additional support beams. While commonly associated with barns, they are also used in garages, workshops, and even homes looking for a classic yet functional roof structure.

Pros	Cons
Provides ample attic or loft space	More complex to build and install compared to standard trusses
Aesthetic appeal, especially in rustic or traditional designs	Requires precise engineering for proper weight distribution
Efficient use of materials for a strong yet lightweight structure	Not ideal for areas with heavy snowfall unless reinforced

Fink Truss

If there’s a truss that dominates residential construction, it’s the Fink truss. Recognizable by its signature W-shaped webbing, this design provides exceptional strength while keeping material costs low. 

Whether you’re building a new home, a garage, or even a commercial structure, the Fink truss is the go-to option for creating a sturdy, cost-efficient roof with minimal hassle.

One of the biggest advantages of the Fink truss is its ability to span medium to long distances while using lightweight materials. 

Its W-pattern efficiently distributes weight, reducing stress on individual components and making it ideal for supporting heavy roofing materials without adding unnecessary bulk. It’s no wonder this truss is a staple in both traditional and modern construction.

Pros	Cons
Cost-effective due to its efficient material use	Limited attic space compared to attic trusses
Strong and stable, making it ideal for a wide range of buildings	Not suitable for highly customized or intricate roof designs
Quick to manufacture and install, reducing construction time	Requires precise engineering for optimal load distribution

Double Fink Truss

When a standard fink truss isn’t enough, the double fink truss steps in. This truss type is ideal for buildings that require extra strength, longer spans, or heavier load-bearing capacity.

This design takes the classic W-shaped webbing of the fink truss and doubles it, adding additional diagonal supports to enhance structural integrity. The result? A truss that can handle larger, more demanding roof structures without compromising on efficiency.

Because of its reinforced framework, the Double Fink truss is ideal for projects that require wide, uninterrupted spaces with minimal interior support. It’s commonly found in large residential homes, expansive commercial buildings, and agricultural structures where durability and cost-effectiveness are key.

Where Are Double Fink Trusses Used?

Large single-family homes, industrial and commercial buildings, sports facilities and event spaces, and agricultural structures, like barns. 

Pros	Cons
Stronger load capacity for heavy roofs and harsh weather.	More complex and expensive to manufacture.
Supports longer spans and is ideal for open spaces.	Heavier, requiring careful handling during installation.
Efficient design adds strength without excessive cost.	Reduced attic space due to extra webbing.

Howe Truss

The howe truss is a tough, reliable design that easily handles heavy loads. Its signature diagonal beams slant toward the center, creating a structure that evenly distributes weight and resists stress over long spans. Originally built with wood and iron, modern versions often use steel for added durability.

Because of its strength and stability, the Howe truss is a go-to choice for large structures that need serious support. You’ll find it in bridges, industrial buildings, and agricultural barns, where it holds up against heavy roofs, equipment, and the elements.

Pros	Cons
Handles heavy loads and long spans with ease.	Heavier and requires more materials than lighter trusses.
Durable, especially when built with steel.	More expensive to build and install.
Great for industrial and infrastructure projects.	Not common in standard residential homes.

Double Howe Truss

Designed to handle extra-wide spans and heavy loads, this truss doubles the diagonal and vertical bracing of a traditional wowe truss, making it even stronger and more reliable. It’s a favorite in bridges, industrial buildings, and massive barns, where structural integrity is critical.

Its reinforced framework distributes weight efficiently, minimizing deflection and reducing long-term stress on the structure. Whether it’s supporting heavy machinery, roofing, or high-traffic bridges, the Double Howe truss provides unmatched durability and stability.

Where Are Double Howe Trusses Used?

Bridges and overpasses: Supports long spans with heavy traffic loads.

Industrial warehouses:  Ideal for expansive buildings requiring strong roof support.

Large barns and agricultural buildings: Provide stability for oversized farm structures.

Sports arenas and event venues: Helps create large open spaces with minimal interior supports.

Pros	Cons
Durable enough for demanding commercial and industrial applications.	More material-intensive, making it costlier.
Handles heavier loads and longer spans than standard howe trusses.	Requires precise engineering and complex installation.
Stronger weight distribution minimizes structural stress.	Not practical for smaller residential projects.

Pratt Truss

The Pratt truss is one of the most widely used truss designs, known for its simple yet highly effective load distribution. It features diagonal members slanting toward the center, which efficiently handles tensile forces in the diagonals and compressive forces in the verticals. This makes it a great choice for structures requiring long spans and strong weight-bearing capacity.

Originally developed for railroad bridges, the Pratt truss is now commonly used in warehouses, large buildings, and some residential applications where durability is a priority. Its material efficiency and straightforward design make it a go-to choice for engineers and builders alike.

Pros	Cons
An efficient design minimizes material waste.	Not ideal for small-scale residential projects.
Handles long spans with ease.	Requires precise engineering for proper load distribution.
Cost-effective for large-scale structures.	Steel versions may be costly for certain applications.

King Post Truss

The king post truss is one of the simplest and oldest truss designs, featuring a single central vertical post (the “king post”) connecting the peak of the truss to its horizontal base. This design is often used for shorter spans and is valued for its straightforward construction, cost-effectiveness, and classic architectural appeal.

King post trusses are best suited for smaller structures like homes, garages, or porches, offering a reliable and cost-effective framing solution. 

Their traditional, decorative design makes them popular for homeowners who prefer exposed beams for added aesthetic appeal. Typically constructed from wood, king post trusses can also be made from steel for modern applications, providing versatility in classic and contemporary designs.

Where Are King Post Trusses Used?

The king post truss is standard in residential homes, cabins and cottages, porches and entryways, small bridges, and historical constructions. 

Pros	Cons
It requires minimal materials and is easy to construct.	Not suitable for large buildings or long roof spans.
It provides excellent support for short spans, typically up to 20 feet.	Works well for lightweight roofing materials but requires reinforcement for heavier structures.
Often used in exposed timber designs for a classic, rustic look.	It is best suited for simple gable roofs rather than intricate architectural layouts.

Queen Post Truss

The queen post truss is similar to the king post truss but features two vertical posts instead of one, allowing it to support longer spans. Its simple yet effective design provides excellent stability while using minimal materials, making it an economical option for medium-sized structures.

Queen post trusses are ideal for medium spans, typically ranging from 16 to 30 feet, offering a balance between strength and material efficiency.

While commonly made from wood, they can also be constructed from steel for increased durability in commercial or industrial buildings. Their adaptable design makes them a reliable choice for structures needing both functionality and architectural appeal.

Pros	Cons
Supports longer spans than a king post truss	Limited to mid-sized spans
Cost-effective and easy to construct	Not ideal for hefty loads
Aesthetically appealing for exposed timber designs	Less common in modern construction

Fan Truss

The fan truss gets its name from the fan-like arrangement of diagonal members spreading out from a central vertical post. This design helps evenly distribute weight, making it a great choice for large-span structures that need strong but lightweight support. It’s often used in warehouses, barns, and sports facilities, where open space and efficient material use are key.

One of its biggest advantages is that it maximizes strength while using less material, keeping costs down without sacrificing durability. The multiple diagonal supports help reduce stress on any single point, ensuring the roof stays stable over time.

Pros	Cons
Lightweight, reducing stress on walls and foundations.	Not commonly used in small residential homes.
Uses less material, making it cost-effective.	More complex to manufacture than simpler trusses.

Scissor Truss

If you’re looking for a roof truss that adds both structural support and architectural appeal, the scissor truss is a top choice. 

Unlike standard trusses, which create a flat ceiling, scissor trusses have angled bottom chords that follow the slope of the roof, creating a vaulted or cathedral ceiling effect. This design gives interiors a more open, spacious feel without requiring additional framing or beams.

Scissor trusses are popular in residential homes, churches, and commercial spaces where high, dramatic ceilings are desired. They maintain the strength and efficiency of traditional trusses while adding visual interest and allowing for better airflow and natural light distribution.

Pros	Cons
Creates a vaulted ceiling without additional framing.	More complex to design and install than standard trusses.
Adds architectural interest and a more open interior feel.	Tends to cost more due to additional materials and labor.
Allows for better ventilation and natural light.	Not ideal for maximizing attic storage space.

Flat Truss

Unlike traditional pitched trusses, flat trusses are designed to create a level roof or ceiling while still providing the necessary structural support. 

These trusses use a network of diagonal and vertical webbing to distribute weight efficiently, allowing for large open spaces without interior load-bearing walls. Because of their versatility, flat trusses are commonly used in modern commercial buildings, multi-story residential structures, and even some industrial facilities.

Flat trusses can also accommodate mechanical systems like HVAC ducts, electrical wiring, and plumbing, making them a practical choice for buildings where infrastructure needs to be integrated within the roof structure. 

While they may not provide attic space like pitched trusses, they offer a sleek and contemporary look that works well for both flat and low-slope roofs.

Where Are Flat Trusses Used?

Commercial buildings, apartment complexes, multi-family housing, warehouses, and modern residential homes are also available.

Pros	Cons
Maximizes interior space by eliminating steep roof slopes.	No attic space for storage or insulation benefits.
Easily accommodates HVAC, electrical, and plumbing systems.	Requires proper drainage solutions to prevent water buildup.
Strong and stable, capable of spanning long distances.	Less common in traditional residential construction.

Cathedral Truss

For those who want a dramatic, high-ceilinged interior, the cathedral truss is a perfect solution. Designed to follow the pitch of the roof, this truss creates a true vaulted ceiling without the need for additional beams or framing. 

Unlike scissor trusses, which have a gentle inward slope, cathedral trusses fully mirror the roofline, maximizing ceiling height and creating a spacious, open feel.

Cathedral trusses are often seen in luxury homes, churches, lodges, and event spaces, where architectural grandeur and an airy atmosphere are key. They also enhance natural light flow by allowing for taller windows, making rooms feel even more expansive and inviting.

Pros	Cons
Enhances natural light and ventilation with higher window placement.	More expensive due to extra materials and engineering.
Eliminates the need for additional ceiling framing.	It can lead to higher heating and cooling costs if not properly insulated.
Provides a true vaulted ceiling for a dramatic, open space.	Limits attic storage space due to the high ceiling design.

Gable Truss

A gable truss is a structural component designed to form the end walls of a gable roof. Unlike other trusses that support the entire roof, gable trusses primarily provide framing for the gable ends, where the roof meets the vertical wall. 

These trusses are typically built with vertical webbing to support siding, windows, or vents, ensuring both strength and stability.

Gable trusses are essential in residential, commercial, and agricultural construction, serving as the backbone of gable-style roofs. They are custom-built to match the roof pitch and can be reinforced for added durability in high-wind or heavy snow regions.

Pros	Cons
Provides essential structural support for gable-end walls.	Additional reinforcement may be needed in extreme weather conditions.
Simple design makes them easy to install.	Doesn’t support the full roof load like other trusses.
Cost-effective for most standard buildings.	Not suited for complex roof designs.

Mono Pitch Truss

The mono pitch truss is a single-sloped truss designed for asymmetrical roof structures, offering a clean and modern look while providing strong structural support.

Unlike standard trusses that create a peaked roof, mono pitch trusses have one sloping side and are often used for extensions, lean-to structures, or contemporary architectural designs. Their simplicity makes them easy to install while allowing for efficient water drainage and solar panel integration.

These trusses are widely used in residential, commercial, and industrial buildings, especially where a modern aesthetic or a practical slope is needed. They also allow for higher ceilings on one side, creating an open, spacious interior.

Pros	Cons
Simple and cost-effective for small structures and extensions.	Limited to one-way slope designs, restricting traditional roof styles.
Allows for solar panel placement and excellent water drainage.	It may require additional structural support for long spans.
It can create a higher ceiling on one side for a spacious interior.	It can be less effective in extreme weather if not properly reinforced.

Raised Tie Truss

The raised tie truss is designed to create higher ceilings without altering the overall roof pitch. Unlike standard trusses, where the horizontal tie beam sits at the base of the truss, a raised tie truss moves this beam higher up, allowing for a more open, spacious interior while still maintaining structural integrity. This design is perfect for homeowners who want higher ceilings without needing a full vaulted roof.

Raised tie trusses are commonly used in residential homes, loft conversions, and open-plan spaces where a more expansive feel is desired. They provide extra headroom and aesthetic appeal while still being cost-effective compared to full cathedral or scissor trusses.

Pros	Cons
Increases ceiling height without changing roof pitch.	Not suitable for very long spans without extra reinforcement.
Creates a more open and spacious interior.	Reduces overall structural strength compared to standard trusses.
Cost-effective alternative to vaulted or cathedral ceilings.	Additional engineering may be required for heavy roof loads.

Cambered Truss

A cambered truss is built with a slight upward curve (camber) in its design to counteract the effects of deflection and sagging over time. 

This unique feature ensures that when weight is applied—whether from roofing materials, snow loads, or long spans—the truss settles into a straight and level position. It is handy in structures that require extra support for long spans and heavy loads, reducing the risk of structural warping.

Cambered trusses are widely used in commercial buildings, industrial warehouses, and large agricultural structures where maintaining a level, durable roofline is crucial. They are also common in auditoriums and sports facilities, where long, open spans without interior supports are necessary.

Pros	Cons
Reduces sagging in long-span structures.	Higher initial cost due to precision engineering.
Helps maintain a straight, level roof over time.	More complex to design and fabricate.
Ideal for large, open buildings requiring minimal interior supports.	Not commonly used in standard residential construction.

Piggyback Truss

A piggyback truss is essentially two trusses combined into one, with a smaller truss stacked on top of a larger one. This design is used when a roof is too tall to be transported or installed as a single truss. 

By splitting the truss into two sections, the piggyback design makes transportation easier while still providing the required roof height and structural support.

This type of truss is commonly used in residential homes, barns, and commercial buildings where steep roof pitches are needed for aesthetic, functional, or weather-related reasons. It allows builders to achieve higher rooflines without the challenges of handling oversized trusses.

Pros	Cons
Makes transportation and installation easier for tall trusses.	It requires additional on-site assembly, increasing labor costs.
Allows for steeper roof pitches without oversized framing.	It can be more expensive than single-piece trusses.
Works well in designs needing extra attic space.	Not necessary for smaller, standard-pitch roofs.

Final Words: Types of Trusses

Roof trusses play a big role in supporting your roof, shaping your space, and keeping your structure strong. Whether you’re building a home, barn, or commercial property, choosing the right truss depends on your needs, budget, and design goals.

From simple King Post trusses for smaller projects to heavy-duty Warren or Howe trusses for large spans, each type has its purpose. If you’re looking for vaulted ceilings, extra attic space, or a modern roofline, there’s a truss for that too.

Want to learn more about home construction and smart building choices? Check out the EZ Home Search blog for more helpful guides and insights.